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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous group of myeloid malignancies that result in bone marrow failure and peripheral blood cytopenias. Elliptocytes are most abundant in hereditary elliptocytosis. Isolated deletion 20q [del (20q)] associated with elliptocytosis in a patient of myelodysplastic syndrome is very rare and only few cases are reported in literature. We report a case of 72 year old male presented with thrombocytopenia and anaemia and marked RBC elliptocytosis, diagnosed as refractory anaemia with multilineage dysplasia associated with isolated del (20q) on FISH analysis of bone marrow. The presence of cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic and prognostic role. Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 [del (20q)] may be an early and primary genetic event in several haematological disorders. Chromosome 20q deletion is associated with about 5% of primary MDS.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, emerging evidence suggests that ART may be associated with alterations in platelet function and homeostasis, leading to platelet aberrations such as thrombocytopenia and platelet hyperactivity in HIV patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between ART and platelet aberrations in HIV-infected individuals. We discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management strategies of platelet abnormalities associated with ART, including immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)-related thrombocytopenia and ART-induced coagulation disorders. Furthermore, we explore potential mechanisms underlying ART-induced platelet aberrations, including direct drug toxicity, immune-mediated mechanisms, and viral factors. Understanding the impact of ART on platelet function and homeostasis is essential for optimizing the management of HIV-infected individuals and minimizing the risk of associated complications.